Virtual Mentor. June 2003, Volume 5, Number 6.

Suggested Reading and Resources

Resources on Caring for a Culturally Diverse Patient Population

Aaron KF, Clancy CM. Improving quality and reducing disparities: toward a common pathway. JAMA. 2003;289:1033-1034.

Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education. Core competencies available at: http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compFull.asp .

AMA Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2001-2002. Available at: http://www.amednews.com/2001/prsa0903 . Accessed May 28, 2003.

American Medical Association Foundation and American Medical Association. Health Literacy: A Manual for Clinicians. Chicago: AMA Foundation and AMA; 2003.

Amici Curiae Brief of the Association of American Medical Colleges, the American Medical Association, and the Texas Medical Association in Hopwood v State of Texas. November 1999.

Ashton CM, Haidet P, Paterniti DA, Collins TC, Gordon HS, O’Malley KJ, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: Bias, preferences, or poor communication? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18:146-52.

Ashton CM, Haidet P, Paterniti DA, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: bias, preferences or poor communication? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18:146-152.

Ashton CM, Haidet P, Paterniti DA, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: bias, preferences or poor communication? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18:146-152.

Ayanian JZ, Udvarhelyi IS, Gatsonis CA, Pashos CL, Epstein AM. Racial differences in the use of revascularization procedures after coronary angiography. JAMA. 1993;269:2642-2646.

Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Clark WS, Nurss J. The relationship of patient reading ability to self-reported health and use of health services. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:1027-1030.

Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Pitkin K, Parikh NS, Coates W, et al. The healthcare experience of patients with low literacy. Arch Fam Med 1996;5:329-334.

Barlett EE, Grayson M, Barker R, Levine DM, Golden A, Libber S. The effects of physician communication skills on patient satisfaction, recall, and adherence. J Chronic Dis. 1984;37:755-64.

Blendon RJ, Aiken LH, Freeman HE, Corey CR. Access to medical care for black and white Americans: a matter of continuing concern. JAMA. 1989:261:278-80.

Brian D, Smedley AYS, Nelson AR, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine; 2002.

Burchard EG, Ziv E, Coyle N, et al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1170-1175.

Burroughs VM, Maxey RW, Levy RA. Racial and ethnic differences in response to medicines: towards individualized pharmaceutical treatment. J Nat Med Assoc. 2002;94 (SUPP):1-26.

Cohen JJ. The consequences of premature abandonment of affirmative action in medical schools admissions. JAMA. 2003;289:1143-1149.

Cooper RS, Kaufman JS, Ward R. Race and genomics. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1166-1170 .

Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzales JJ, et al. Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA. 1999;282:583-89.

Diala CC, Muntaner C, Walrath C, Nickerson K, LaViest T, Leaf P. Racial/ethnic differences in attitudes toward seeking professional mental health services. Am J Pub Health. 2001;91:805-7.

Doescher MP, Saver BG, Franks P, Fiscella K. Racial and ethnic disparities in perceptions of physician style and trust. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:1156-63.

Fact Sheet: Health Literacy and Understanding Medical Information. Lawrenceville, NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies; 2002.

Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, et al. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among Medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:791-799.

Grutter v Bollinger
. 123 S Ct 1777. Brief for the Petitioner. Available at: http://www.cir-usa.org/legal_docs/grutter_v_bollinger_SupCt_brief.pdf. Accessed May 31, 2003.

Grutter v Bollinger. 123 S Ct 1777. Brief for the Respondents. Available at: http://www.umich.edu/%7Eurel/admissions/legal/grutter/UM-Grutter.pdf . Accessed May 31, 2003.

Health Literacy: A Handbook for Clinicians. Chicago: AMA Foundation and AMA;2003.

Hobbs F, Stoops N. Demographic trends in the 20th century. US Census Bureau Division. November 2002. Accessed May 9, 2003.

Kaplan SH, Gandek B, Greenfield S, Rogers W, Ware JE. Patient and visit characteristics related to physician’s participatory decision-making styles. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:497-504.

Katz JN. Patient Preferences and Health Disparities. JAMA. 2001;286:1506-1509.

Kleinman AM, Eisenberg L, Good B. Culture, illness, and care. Clinical lessons from anthropological and cross-cultural research. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:251-8.

Kruglanski AW, Freund T. The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: effects of impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping, and numerical anchoring. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1991;27:618-26.

Laveist TA, Carroll T. Race of physician and satisfaction with care among African American patients. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2002;94:937-43.

Laveist TA, Nuru-Jeter A. Is doctor-patient race concordance associated with greater satisfaction with care? Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2002;43:296-306.

Lavizzo-Mourey R, Mackenzie E. Cultural competence; essential measurements of quality for managed care organizations. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:919-921

Little P. Genetic Destinies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002:91.

Miller B, Campbell RT, Furner S, et al. Use of medical care by African American and white older persons: comparative analysis of three national data sets. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997;52:S325-S335.

Minow M. Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and the American Law. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1990.

Moy B, Bartman BA. Physician race and care of minority and medically indigent patients. JAMA. 1995;273:1515-20.

Oddone EZ, Horner RD, Lipscomb J, et al. Understanding racial variation in the use of cartoid endarterectomy: the role of aversion to surgery. J Natl Med Assoc. 1998;9025-33.

Orth JE, Stiles WB, Scherwitz L, Hennrikus D, Valibona C. Patient exposition and provider explanation in routine interviews and hypertensive patients’ blood pressure control. Health Psychol. 1987;277:553-9.

Saha S, Taggart SH, Komaromy M, Bindman AB. Do patients choose physicians of their own race? Health Affairs. 2000;19:76-83.

Schneider EC, Zaslavsky AM, Epstein AM. Racial disparities in the quality of care for enrollees in Medicare managed care. JAMA. 2002;287:1288-1294.

Schulman KA, Berlin JA, Harless W, et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians’ referrals for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:279-83.

Shepardson LB, Gordon HS, Ibrahim S, Harper DL, Rosenthal GE. Racial variation in the use of do-not-resuscitate orders. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14:15-20.

Street RL, Voigt B, Geyer C, Manning T, Swanson GP. Increasing patient involvement in choosing treatment for early breast cancer. Cancer. 1995;76:976-988.

Street RL. Information-giving in medical consultations: the influence of patients’ communication styles and personal characteristics. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:541-548.

The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. Race, Ethnicity & Family Care: A Survey of Public Perceptions and Experiences. Menlo Park, Calif: Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation; 1999.

Tran AN, Haidet P, Street R, O’Malley KJ, Martin F, Ashton C. Empowering communication: A community-based intervention for patients. Patient Education and Counseling. 2002. In Press.

Tran AN, Haidet P, Street R, O’Malley KJ, Martin F, Ashton CM. Empowering communication: A community-based intervention for patients. Poster presentation at the Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, July 8-9 2002, Houston, Texas.

US Census Bureau Division. Projections of resident population by age, sex, race, and hispanic origin: 1999-2100. January 13, 2000. Accessed May 9, 2003.

van Ryn M. Research on the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in medical care. Med Care. 2002:40 (suppl):140-51.

van Ryn M, Burke J. The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50:813-828.

Weiss BD, Hart G, McGee D, D’Estelle S. Health status of illiterate adults: relation between literacy and health status among persons with low literacy skills Am Board Fam Pract. 1992;5:257-264.

Williams MV, Baker DW, Honig EG, Lee TM, Nowlan A. Inadequate literacy is a barrier to asthma knowledge and self-care. Chest. 1998;114:1008-1015.

Williams MV, Baker DW, Parker RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients’ knowledge of their chronic disease: a study of patients with hypertension or diabetes. Arch Int Med. 1998; 158:166-172.

Williams MV, Parker RM, Baker DW, Parikh NS, Pitkin K, Coates WC, et al. Inadequate functional health literacy among patients at two public hospitals. JAMA. 1995;274:1677-1682.

The viewpoints expressed on this site are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the AMA.