Virtual Mentor. February 2004, Volume 6, Number 2.

Suggested Reading and Resources

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Resources on Paternalism in Medicine

ABIM Foundation. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:243-246.

American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2004 Update. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2003.

American Medical Association. Article II. Obligation of Patients to their Physician. Code of Medical Ethics. Chicago: AMA Press, 1847. Accessed February 2, 2004.

American Medical Association. Opinion 2.19. Unnecessary services. Code of Medical Ethics, Current Opinions, 2002-2003 edition. Chicago: American Medical Association; 2003:39.

American Medical Association. Opinion 2.225. Optimal use of orders-not-to-intervene and advance directives. In: Code of Medical Ethics: Current Opinions 2002-2003 ed. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 2003:44-45.

American Medical Association. Opinion 8.20. Invalid medical treatment. Code of Medical Ethics, Current Opinions, 2002-2003 edition Chicago, IL: AMA Press; 2003:119.

American Medical Association. Opinion 10.01. Fundamental Elements of the Patient Physician Relationship. Code of Medical Ethics. Current Opinions. 2002-2003 ed. Accessed February 2, 2004.

American Medical Association. Principles of medical ethics. Code of Medical Ethics, Current Opinions, 2002-2003 edition. Accessed January 5, 2003.

Annas GJ. The health care proxy and the living will. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1210-1213

Anolick K. Foreword. In: Kushner E. Experiencing Abortion: A Weaving of Women's Words. New York: Harrington Park Press; 1997: xii.

Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001

Beauchamp TL. Paternalism. In: Post SG, ed. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. MacMillan Library Reference; November 2003:1983-1989.

Blackhall LJ, Murphy ST, Frank G, Michel V, Azen S. Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy. JAMA. 1995;274:820-825

Blacks Law Dictionary. 7th ed. 1999:278.

Braddock CH, Edwards KA, Hasenberg NM, Laidley TL, Levinson W. Informed decision making in outpatient practice: time to get back to basics. JAMA. 1999;282:2313-2320.

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Investigators. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. New Eng J Med. 1996;335:217-225.

Cannon CP. American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2003. What's new in acute coronary syndromes. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466282. Accessed January 8, 2003.

Canterbury v Spence. 150 US App DC 263; 464 F2d 772, 780, aff'd. 409 US 1064.

Chervenak F, McCullough L. The threat of the new managed practice of medicine to patients' autonomy. J Clin Ethics. 1995;6:320-323.

Cobbs v Grant. 502 P 2d 1: 9-10 (Cal 1972).

Coffield AB, Maciosek MV, McGinnis M, et al. Priorities among recommended clinical preventive services. Am J Prevent Med. 2001;21:1-9.

Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations; 1996.

Cruzan v Director, 110 Sct 2841 (1990).

Danis M, Garrett J, Harris R, Patrick DL. Stability of choices about life sustaining treatments. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:567-573

Danis M, Southerland LI, Garrett JM, et al. A prospective study of advance directives for life-sustaining care. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:882-888

Dax's Case [film]. New York: Concerns for Dying; 1985.

Dworkin G. Paternalism. In: Audi R, ed. Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1995: 564.

Dworkin, G. Autonomy and behavior control. Hastings Cent Rep. 1976;6:23-28.

Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: executive summary and recommendations: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). Circulation. 1999;100:1464-80.

Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ, Stoeckle JD, Hummel LR, Barry MJ. Advance directives: stability of patients' treatment choices. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:209-217.

Feinberg J. Freedom and behavior control. In: Reich WT, ed, Encyclopedia of Bioethics v 1. New York: The Free Press; 1978:93-101.

Feinberg J. Legal paternalism. Can J Philosoph. 1971:105-124.

Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing. A report of the American College Of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee On Exercise Testing). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:260-311.

Gold RB. Lessons From Before Roe: Will Past Be Prologue? New York: The Alan Guttmacher Institute; 2003. Accessed January 5, 2003.

Guadagnoli E, Ward P. Patient participation in decision-making. Social Sci & Med. 1998;47:329-39.

Guttmacher Report on Public Policy. March 2003. Accessed January 26, 2004.

Häring B. Medical Ethics. South Bend, Ind: Fides; 1973:199-205.

Hastings Center. Guidelines On The Termination Of Life-Sustaining Treatment And Care Of The Dying. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press; 1987.

Hermann DHJ. The basis for the right of committed patients to refuse psychotropic medication. J Health Hosp Law. June 1989;22:176, 182-183.

Hoffman SN, TenBrook JA, Wolf MP, Pauker SG, Salem DN, Wong JB. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing coronary artery bypass graft with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: one to eight year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1293-1304.

In the Matter of RH, 622 NE 2d 1071 (1993).

Kopelman L. Moral problems in psychiatry: The role of value judgments in psychiatric practice. In: Veatch R, ed. Medical Ethics. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishing Company; 1997: 275-320.

Kopelman L. On the evaluative nature of competency and capacity Judgments. Intl J Law Psychiatr. Fall, 1990;13:309-329.

Lebacqz K. Empowerment in the clinical setting. In: McKenny GP, Sande J, eds. Theological Analysis of the Clinical Encounter. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1994:133-147.

Little M. The morality of abortion. In: Frey RG, Wellman CH, eds. A Companion to Applied Ethics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2003.

McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, et al. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2635-2645.

Mill JS. On Liberty. Himmelfarb G, ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1974.

Naess AC, Foerde R, Steen PA. Patient autonomy in emergency medicine. Med Health Care Philos. 2001;4:71-77.

Noah L. Informed consent and the elusive dichotomy between standard and experimental therapy. Am J Law Med. 2002;28:367-8.

Palmer RB, Iserson KV. The critical patient who refuses treatment: an ethical dilemma. J Emerg Med. 1997;15:729-33.

Patient Self Determination Act of 1990. 42 USC 1395 cc (a) (1) (Q)(supplement 1991).

Pellegrino ED, Thomasma DC. The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice. Georgetown University Press: Washington DC; 1996.

Please Let Me Die [film]. Galveston: University of Texas, Department of Psychiatry; 1974.

Pratt v Davis. 118 Ill App 161, 166 (1905), aff'd, 224 Ill 300 (1906).

President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. A Report On The Ethical, Medical, And Legal Issues In Treatment Decisions. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; 1983.

Puchalski CM, Zhong Z, Jacobs MJ, et al. Patients who want their family and physicians to make resuscitation decisions for them: Observations from SUPPORT and HELP. J Amer Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:S84-90.

Quill TE, Brody H. Physician recommendations and patient autonomy: finding a balance between physician power and patient choice. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:763-769.

Rihal CS, Raco DL, Gersh BJ, Yusef S. Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic stable angina: review of the evidence and methodological considerations. Circulation. 2003;108:2439-2445.

Ross R. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-126.

Schneider C. The Practice of Autonomy. New York, NY: Oxford Press; 1998.

Sehgal A, Galbraith A, Chesney M, Schoenfeld P, Charles G, Lo B. How strictly do dialysis patients want their advance directives followed? JAMA. 1992;267:59-63.

Silverstein MD, Stocking CB, Antel JP, Beckwith J. Roos RP, Siegler M. Amytrophic lateral sclerosis and life sustaining therapy: patient's desires for information, participation in decision making, and life-sustaining therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991;66:906-913.

Solanki G, Schauffler HH. Cost-sharing and the utilization of clinical preventive services. Am J Prevent Med. 1999;17:127-133.

Sulmasy, D. Managed care and the new medical paternalism. J Clin Ethics. 1995;6:324-326.

Teno J, Mor V, Fleishman J. Stability of preferences among patients with HIV-related disease. Clin Res. 1991;40:632A.

Teno JM, Licks S, Lynn J, et al. Do advance directives provide instructions that direct care? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:508-512.

Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, Lynn J. Role of written advance directives in decision making: insights from qualitative and quantitative data. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13:439-446.

VanDeVeer D. Paternalistic Intervention: The Moral Bounds of Benevolence. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1986.

Wears RL. Shared decisionmaking: easier said than done. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:702-04.

Whitlock EP, Orleans CT, Pender N, Allan J. Evaluating primary care behavioral counseling interventions: an evidence-based approach. Am J Prevent Med. 2002;22:267-284.

Wilkinson v Vesey. 110 RI 606, 624 (1972).

Williams GC, McGregor HA, Sharp D, et al. Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Unpublished manuscript, University of Rochester, 2003.

Williams GC. Improving patients' health through supporting the autonomy of patients and providers. In: Deci EL, Ryan RM, eds. Handbook of Self-Determination Research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2002:233-254.

Williams GC. Policy forum 2. "You can pay me now, or you can pay me later."Virtual Mentor. November 2003. Accessed November 3, 2003.

Woolf SH. The need for perspective in evidence-based medicine. JAMA. 1999;282:2358-2365.

Zanger DR, Solomon AJ, Gersh BJ. Contemporary management of angina: part II. Medical management of chronic stable angina. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61:129-38.