Virtual Mentor. May 2004, Volume 6, Number 5.

Suggested Reading and Resources

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Resources on Medicine's Response to Terrorism

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Training Clinicians for Public Health Events Relevant to Bioterrorism Preparedness. Accessed March 15, 2004.

Alexander GC, Wynia MK. Ready and willing? Physicians' sense of preparedness for bioterrorism. Health Affairs. 2003;22:189-197.

American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP task force on terrorism to help prepare pediatricians for disaster response. AAP News. 2002;20:4.

American College of Emergency Physicians. Positioning America's Emergency Health System to Respond to Acts of Terrorism. Accessed April 2, 2004.

American College of Surgeons. Disasters from Biological and Chemical Terrorism—What Should the Individual Surgeon Do? A Report from the Committee on Trauma. Accessed March 23, 2004.

American Hospital Association, Office of Emergency Preparedness, Department of Health and Human Services. Hospital Preparedness for Mass Casualties. Chicago: AHA; 2000.

American Medical Association. Declaration of professional responsibility: medicine's social contract with humanity. September 2001. Accessed April 13, 2004.

American Medical Association. Disaster Preparedness. Accessed April 2, 2004.

American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics. 2001. Accessed April 2, 2004.

Angoff NR. Do physicians have an ethical obligation to care for patients with AIDS? Yale J Biol Med. 1991;64:207-246.

Annas GJ. Bioterrorism and public health law. JAMA. 2002;288:2685-2686.

Annas GJ. Bioterrorism, public health and human rights. Health Aff. 2002;21:94-97.

Association of American Medical Colleges. Professional responsibility in treating AIDS patients. J Med Educ. 1988;63:587-590.

Association of American Medical Colleges. Training Future Physicians About Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of the Expert Panel on Bioterrorism Education for Medical Students. Washington, DC: AAMC; 2003. Accessed April 1, 2004.

Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). Bioterrorism Preparednesss. Accessed April 2, 2004.

Atlas RM. National security and the biological research community. Science. 2002;298:753-754.

Bayer R, Colgrove J. Bioterrorism, public health and the law. Health Aff. 2002;21:98-101.

Bayer R, Colgrove J. Public health vs civil liberties. Science. 2002;297:1811.

Birn A, Fein O. Editorial: why “rekindling reform?” Am J Pub Health. 2003;93:16-17.

Bok S. The new ethical boundaries. In: Leaning J, Briggs SM, Chen LC, eds. Humanitarian Crises: The Medical and Public Health Response. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1999:179-193.

Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P.Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:626-633.

Brody H. The Healer's Power. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 1993.

Bush GW. President promotes funding for emergency first responders [transcript]. March 27, 2002. Accessed April 2, 2004.

Calabresi G, Bobbit P. Tragic Choices. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company; 1978.

Camus A. The Plague. Gilbert S, trans. New York, NY: Vintage International; 1991.

Caplan AL, Sankar P. Human subjects in weapons research. Science. 2002;298:923.

Center for Law and the Public's Health. Accessed March 13, 2004.

Center for Law and the Public's Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities. The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act. Accessed May 2, 2004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessment of the epidemiologic capacity in state and territorial health departments—United States, 2001. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. Oct 31, 2003;52:1049-1051.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response. Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. April 21, 2000;49:1-14.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bioterrorism agents/diseases. Accessed March 23, 2004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality data from the national vital statistics system. Accessed April 14, 2004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Protecting Americans: smallpox vaccination program. Accessed April 22, 2004

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State Emergency Preparedness and Response Inventory. Atlanta, Ga: CDC; February 2002. Accessed April 13, 2004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Terrorism preparedness in state health departments—United States, 2001-2003. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. Oct 31, 2003;52:1051-1053.

Chemical-terrorism preparedness—public health laboratories found unprepared and overwhelmed. J Environ Health. 2003;66:35-36.

Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium. Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China. Science. 2004;303:1666-9. [Epub January 29, 2004.]

Clark CC. In harm's way: AMA physicians and the duty to treat. J Med Philos. January 2005; forthcoming.

Clarke RA, Metzl JF, Rudman WB. Emergency Responders: Drastically Underfunded, Dangerously Underprepared. Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations; 2003.

Connolly C. Two hospitals refuse call to vaccinate workers. Washington Post. December 18, 2002;A02.

Coule PL, Dallas CE, James JJ, et al, eds. Chapter 1. In: Basic Disaster Life Support Provider Manual. V 2.5. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 2004.

Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association. Caring for the poor. JAMA. 1993;269:2533-2537.

Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Ethical issues in the growing AIDS crisis. JAMA. 1988;259:1360-1361.

DeGuerre C. Case in health law. Good Samaritan statues: are medical volunteers protected?Virtual Mentor. April 2004.

Department of Health and Human Services. What is the hospital's role in NDMS? Accessed March 13, 2004.

Donohoe MT. Bioterrorism curricula too limited. Acad Med Online. April 11, 2004. Accessed May 11, 2004.

Donohoe MT. Factory farms, antibiotics, and anthrax. Z Magazine. January 2003. Accessed May 11, 2004.

Eckenwiler LA. Emergency health professionals and the ethics of crisis. In: Moreno JD, ed. In the Wake of Terror: Medicine and Morality in a Time of Crisis. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2003:111-131.

Enserink M. One year after: hunt for NIH funds fosters collaboration. Science. 2002;297:1630-1631.

Evans J. Hijacking civil liberties: the USA Patriot Act of 2001. Loy U Chic LJ. 2002;33:933-991.

Everly GS Jr, Lating JM. Personality-Guided Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association; 2004.

Fauci AS. Biodefence on the research agenda. Nature. 2003;421:787.

Filoromo C, Macrina D, Pryor E, Terndrup T, McNutt SD. An innovative approach to training hospital-based clinicians for bioterrorist attacks. Am J Infec Control. 2003;31:511-514.

Fong T. Preparing for disaster: healthcare providers try to ready themselves for biological, chemical attacks without the benefit of government funding. Mod Healthc. 2003;33:2-7,16.

Fox DM. The politics of physicians' responsibility in epidemics: a note on history. Hastings Cent Rep. 1988;18:S5-10.

Fraser MR, Fisher VS. Elements of Effective Bioterrorism Preparedness: A Planning Primer for Local Public Health Agencies. National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO). Accessed April 2, 2004.

Friedlander WJ. On the obligation of physicians to treat AIDS: is there a historical basis? Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12:191-203.

Geraghty KE, Wynia M. Advocacy and community: the social roles of physicians in the last 1000 years. Part III. MedGenMed. 2000:E27.

Gerberding JL, Hughes JM, Koplan JP. Bioterrorism preparedness and response: clinicians and public health agencies as essential partners. JAMA. 2002;287:898-900.

Gostin LO, Sapsin JW, Teret SP, et al. The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act: planning for and response to bioterrorism and naturally occurring infectious diseases. JAMA. 2002;288:622-628.

Halstead T, Lind M. Lack of health care for all creates US security risk. USAToday. November 12, 2001:A17.

Hearne SA, Segal AM. Leveraging the nation's anti-bioterrorism investments: foundation effort to ensure a revitalized public health system. Health Affairs. 2003;22:230.

Heyman D. Lessons from the Anthrax Attacks: Implications for US Bioterrorism Preparedness. April 2002. Unpublished report. Available at: www.fas.org. Accessed March 29, 2004.

Institute of Medicine. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21^st Century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.

Institute of Medicine. Insuring America's Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2004. Accessed March 2, 2004.

Jackson BA, Peterson DJ, Bartis JT, et al. Protecting Emergency Responders. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 2003. Accessed April 14, 2004.

Knobler SL, Mahmoud AAF, Pray LA, eds. Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002.

Landers SJ. Immigrants swell ranks of uninsured. American Medical News. August 21, 2000. Accessed March 3, 2004.

Levy BS, Sidel VW, eds. Terrorism and Public Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.

Levy BS, Sidel VW, eds. War and Public Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997. (Updated paperbound edition, Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2000).

Levy BS, Sidel VW. War and public health in the twenty-first century. N Engl J Health Policy. 2004;19:167-178.

Loewy EH. Duties, fears, and physicians. Soc Sci Med. 1986;22:1363-1366.

London AJ. Threats to the common good: biochemical weapons and human subjects research. Hastings Cent Rep. Sep-Oct 2003;33:17-25.

Jonas H. Philosophical reflections on experiments with human subjects. Daedalus 98. 1969;2:221.

Malakoff D. Protecting the homeland sets tone for 2004 budget. Science. 2003;299:806-808.

Malakoff D. Universities review policies for onsite classified research. Science. 2002;295:1438-1439.

McGinnis JM, Foege WH. Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA. 1993;270:2207-12.

Miller J. Censored study on bioterror doubts US preparedness. New York Times. March 29, 2004.

Mills-Senn P. Preparedness: biodefense network. Hosp Health Netw. 2003 77:20, 22.

Mith S. Anthrax vs the flu: as state governments slash their public health budgets, federal money is pouring in for bioterrorism preparedness. Boston Globe. July 29, 2003.

Moreno JD, ed. In the Wake of Terror: Medicine and Morality in a Time of Crisis. Cambridge, Mass: MIT; 2003.

Moreno JD. A new world order of human experiments. Account Res. 2003;10:47-56.

National Academy of Sciences. Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2003.

National Association of County and City Health Officials. NACCHO Responds to Bioterrorism. Accessed April 2, 2004.

National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians. Ethics Committee. Ethical Challenges in Emergency Medical Services. Accessed March 29, 2004.

New academic centers for public health preparedness funded. Public Health Reports. 2002;117:592.

Noji EK. Creating a health care agenda for the Department of Homeland Security. Manag Care. 2003;12 (11 suppl):7-12.

North C, Nixon S, Shariat S, et al. Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. JAMA. 1999;282:755-762.

Nunn S. The future of public health preparedness. J Law Med Ethics. 2002;30:202-209.

Ofran Y, Giryes S. To be a doctor in Jerusalem: life under threat of terrorism. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:307-308.

Ohbu S, Yamashina A, Takasu N, et al. Sarin poisoning on the Tokyo subway. South Med J. 1997;90:587-593.

O'Neill O. The Bounds of Justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

Orient J. Bioterrorism and public health law. JAMA. 2002;288:2686.

Pellegrino ED, Thomasma D. The Virtues in Medical Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1993.

Perry RW, Lindell MK. Preparedness for emergency response: guidelines for the emergency planning process. Disasters. 2003;27:336-350.

Poe BM. Expanding disaster preparedness to include bioterrorism. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59:926-927.

Posner E, Yoo J. The Patriot Act under fire. Wall Street Journal. December 9, 2003:A26.

Preston R. The Hot Zone. New York, NY: Doubleday; 1995.

Project BioShield Act of 2003. Accessed March 2, 2004.

Public health spending decreasing while anti-terrorism funds swell. AP State and Local Wire. January 6, 2004.

Reissman DB, Whitney EAS, Taylor TH Jr, et al. One-year health assessment of adult survivors of Bacillus anthracis infection. JAMA. 2004;291:1994-1998.

Resnik DB, DeVille KA. Bioterrorism and patent rights: “compulsory licensure” and the case of Cipro. Am J Bioeth. 2002;23:29-39.

Reynolds G. Why were doctors afraid to treat Rebecca McLester? New York Times Magazine. April 18, 2004.

Ridge T. Director Ridge speaks at American Hospital Association meeting. April 8, 2002. Accessed April 2, 2004.

Rubella outbreak—Westchester County, New York, 1997-1998. MMWR. July 9, 1999;48:560-63. Accessed March 3, 2004.

Rubin ER, Osterweis M, Lindeman LM, eds. Emergency Preparedness and Beyond. Washington, DC: Association of Academic Health Centers; 2002.

Schlosberg C, Wiley W. The impact of INS public charge determinations on immigrant access to health care. National Health Law Program. May 12, 1998. Accessed March 2, 2004.

Shaffer D, Armstrong G, Higgins K, et al. Increased US prescription trends associated with the CDC Bacillus anthracis antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis campaign. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety. 2003;12:177-182.

Sidel VW. Bioterrorism in the United States: a balanced assessment of risk and response. Med Confl Surviv. 2003;19:318-325.

Sidel VW, Gould RM, Cohen HW. Bioterrorism preparedness: cooptation of public health. Medicine and Global Survival. 2002;7:82-89.

Sidel VW, Levy BS. Diversion of resources to pay for terrorism research and preparedness. Virtual Mentor. May 2004. Accessed May 3, 2004.

Sidel VW, Levy BS. War, terrorism, and public health. J Law Med Ethics. 2003;31: 516-523.

Siegel M. The anthrax fumble. The Nation. March 18, 2002;14-18.

Simon JG, Powers CW, Gunnemann JP. The responsibilities of corporations and their owners. In: Beauchamp T, Bowie N. Ethical Theory and Business. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1997:61-66.

Staiti AB, Katz A, Hoadley JF. Has Bioterrorism Preparedness Improved Public Health? Center for Studying Health System Change. Issue brief no 65; July 2003. Accessed April 14, 2004.

Stephenson J. Smallpox vaccine program launched amid concerns raised by expert panel, unions. JAMA. 2003;289:685-590.

Torne CD, Curbow B, Oliver M, al-Ibrahim M, McDiarmid M. Terrorism preparedness training for nonclinical hospital workers: empowering them to take action. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:333-337.

Trotter CG. Emergency medicine, terrorism, and universal access to health care: a potent mixture for erstwhile knights-errant. In: Moreno JD, ed. In the Wake of Terror: Medicine and Morality in a Time of Crisis. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2003:133-146.

Trust for America's Health. Ready or Not? Protecting the Public's Health in the Age of Bioterrorism. 2003. Accessed March 29, 2004.

United States General Accounting Office. Combating Terrorism: Evaluation of Selected Characteristics in National Strategies Related to Terrorism. Pub no GAO-04-408T. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office; February 2004. Accessed April 14, 2004.

United States General Accounting Office. Hospital Preparedness: Most Urban Hospitals Have Emergency Plans But Lack Certain capacities for Bioterrorism Response. Pub no GAO 03-924. Washington, DC: USGAO; August 2003.

United States General Accounting Office. Public Health Preparedness: Response Capacity Improving but Much Remains to be Accomplished. Pub no GAO 04-458T. Washington, DC: USGAO; February 2004.

United States General Accounting Office Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Established Infectious Disease Control Measures Helped Contain Spread But A Large Scale Resurgence May Pose Challenges. Pub no GAO-03-1058T. Washington, DC: USGAO; July 2003.

US Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Md: Center for Mental Health Services, US Department of Health and Human Services; 1999.

Veenema TG. Chemical and biological terrorism preparedness for staff development specialists. J Nurses Staff Dev. 2003;19:218-225.

Wachter RM. The impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on medical residency training. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:177-180.

Waeckerle JF, Seamans S, Whiteside M et al for the Task Force of Health Care and Emergency Services Professionals on Preparedness for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Incidents. Executive summary: developing objectives, content, and competencies for the training of emergency medical technicians, emergency physicians, and emergency nurses to care for casualties resulting from nuclear, biological, or chemical incidents. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:587-601.

Zuber PL, Dignam TA, Caldwell MB, Weisner PJ. The burdens of uninsured hospitalizations in an urban county. Eff Clin Prac. 2000;3:131-7.

Zuger A, Miles SH. Physicians, AIDS, and occupational risk: historic traditions and ethical obligations. JAMA. 1987;258:1924-1928.